The Real World of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

The Real World of Management - Essay Example the course of utilizing explicit scientific and evaluative methodological apparatuses which can assist with recognizing, advance and assess the nature of learning techniques inside associations. (Easterby-Smith and Araujo 1999). The coming out of the possibility of the ‘learning organization’ is secured with that perhaps by characterizing commitment gives a hypothetical structure interfacing the skill of living in a situation where there is expanded change with the ensuing requirement for learning. Loss of the steady state implies that our general public and the entirety of its establishments are continually experiencing change. We can't anticipate new consistent states that will keep going for our own lifetimes. We should in this manner figure out how to acknowledge, direct, control and deal with these changes. We not just must be in a situation to be competent to change our establishments, according to the rising changing circumstances in the working together association; yet should likewise be in a situation to create and create foundations which are fit for realizing their own proceeding with change. (Schon 1973) Proficiency and sound rivalry are, by a long shot and wide an element of information age and handling data about the market, firms and domains are prearranged in systems of creation, the board and dissemination, the center financial exercises are worldwide that is, they are competent to fill in as a unit continuously, or given time, on a natural scale. (Castells 2001) The Learning Company is a dream of what may be conceivable. It isn't shown up at by essentially preparing people; this just occurs because of learning at the entire association structure. A Learning association encourages the preparation of every one of its individuals and persistently changing itself. (Pedler et. al. 1991) The universal deterioration of creation in worldwide worth chains, driven by mechanical advancement, cost, access to assets and markets, and exchange approach changes, challenges the manner in which we look

About the Beat Writers, Poets and Beat Generation Research - 550 Words

About the Beat Writers, Poets and Beat Generation Research (Essay Sample) Content: About the Beat Writers, Poets and the Beat GenerationPatrick M. MakauEast Africa University The beat generation can be traced to the post second world war period as writers began to form a sense of self definition upon the discovery of this very famous word; beat. The beat generation comprised of a group of the earliest writers who had assembled together for the purpose of forming a feeling of self-definition among themselves.Hustlers and Jazz musicians began to use the word beat after the World War II. The word was a slang term meaning down and out, or simply poor and exhausted. It was during this period that Mezz Mezzrow, a jazz musician, combined the word beat with other words such as beat-up or dead beat which he wrote in his book; Really the Blues. Herbert Huncke, a Times Square hustler, brought to the attention of William Burroughs, a writer, the use of the word beat in 1944. From Burroughs, the word beat was consequently passed on to Jack Kerouac and Allen Gins burg. It can therefore be said that the term beat was coined in the late 1940s by Jack Kerouac and was eventually popularized by himself and other writers such as Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Allen Ginsburg who were at the time beginning to gain prominence. The beat generation used the term to give them a definitive tag for their personal as well as social positions, and perspectives (Mayeer 1).The anti-authoritarian politics as well as the insurgent thinking of the beat legacy bears great influence in stores where such literature can be found. Beat poetry, on the other hand, is a post war concept which evolved around the late 1940s around New York City and the West Coast, and San Francisco eventually became the center of the movement in the 1950s. The movement is in essence an aftermath of a war. By the end of the Second World War, poets like Gary Snyder, Allen Ginsberg, Gregory Gorso and Lawrence Ferlinghetti began to question mainstream culture and politics and they later became t he beat generation. The beat generation comprised of young writers and poets who were determined to change consciousness and to defy conventional writing. At that time, the beats became closely intertwined with the renaissance movement poets of San Francisco such as Robert Duncan and Kenneth Rexroth (Kelog 1).The beats were dedicated to the battle against conformity and as such literary tradition was key to their work. The beat poets used hallucinogenic drugs to achieve higher consciousness. The poets also used meditation and Eastern religion to achieve higher consciousness and Buddhism became very important to most of the beat poets such as Allen Ginsberg and Gary Snyder who intensely studied Buddhism. Much of their works borrow heavily from the morals and principles that the poets learned from this religion.The beat poets are represented by Howl and Other Poems which was the first book from the beats written by Allen Ginsberg. This book was published in 1956 by City Lights press w hich belonged to Lawrence Farlinghetti (Mayer 2)The beat poets gained national attention and recognition after a case in which Ginsberg had been charged for obscenities after he publi...

Lord Of The Flies Film Analysis - 1084 Words

A novel should consist of many compelling qualities in order for it to be adapted into a film. Lord of the Flies most definitely has these qualities like a strong conflict, interesting plot, and many literature techniques. Peter Brook created a film adaptation of Lord of the Flies in 1963. Peter Brook, director of the Lord of the flies film, did a commendable job of making the movie as similar as possible to the novel by William Golding. There are still a few key differences that make the novel much more compelling to read than watching the film. The movie was lacking in showing and explaining key symbols like the lord of the flies, and changed important scenes like when the british navy arrives on the island. However, Peter Brook did an†¦show more content†¦When the other boys come running out of the woods, they see even more officers behind the first one. The officers do not talk to the children and the children show little emotion which does not give the reader an idea of what they are feeling. In the book, when Ralph sees the naval officer, the officer talks to Ralph and asks him if him and the others were playing a game of war. He also asks Ralph if there are any dead bodies as a joke. Ralph replies saying that two boys died and they were actually having a war. This is important because it is an example of irony since the naval officer thinks the whole situation is a joke or game but it is actually real and savage. Ralph and the others also spill tears of relief and sadness but the movie does not express that enough. One way the film and the novel are similar is with the character development of Simon. In the film, Simon is reclusive, kind, gentle, and encouraging. He enjoys to be alone and helps the littluns in any way he can. Simon also encourages Ralph to continue being the leader of the children. He always had the most positive outlook and stated many times the children and him would get rescued. In the book, Simon is a Christ figure, passive and enjoys isolation to reflect upon his thoughts. He gives his food to the littluns and supports Ralph and his beliefs. In the book and film, he uses his intuition to come to the realization that the beast is merely the evil inside themselves. Simon isShow MoreRelatedUtopia:The Flawed Pursuit for Perfection1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome prominent in modern works and form the basis for this analysis in William Golding’s The Lord of the Flies and Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games. Through their most recognised pieces, Golding and Collin s demonstrate that free will and control cannot be moderated effectively to sustain a utopian society. Demonstrating that human greed and corruption dismantle these ideals, effectively creating a dystopia. Through The Lord of the Flies, Golding demonstrates the degradation of a potentially utopicRead MoreNotes On Progressions And Regressions 974 Words   |  4 Pagesof the many colloquialisms or in other words informal language usages I had in The Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis essay. Where in the most recent essay I only had minor issues such as grammar and fragments. â€Å"Which the public generally relies in the hands of the government to tell us information and keep us safe.† Having the sentence start with the word which, made it become a fragment. In the Lord of the Flies essay the concluding paragraph was very weak, I did manage to incorporate the openingRead MoreIt Feels Miserable Without You†¦Almost Like Having You Here1221 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, exaggeration is brought into play as one of the characters states, â€Å". . . in a year or two when the war’s over theyll be traveling to Mars and back . . .† (Golding 84). Mars is seen as a nearly impossible destination to make, and by exaggerating the capabilities of humans it teaches us that we can’t make everything come about, no matter how intelligent we think we are. Another example of a satirical technique used in Lord of the Flies is the book itself. WhileRead MoreStephen King, The Art Of Fiction999 Words   |  4 PagesThe Art of Fiction No.189, King was born on September 21, 1947. He is an American author of horror, supernatural, fiction, suspense, science fiction and fantasy. King s books have sold a lot of copies, many of which have been turned into feature films and miniseries. King has published more than 50 novels. In 1973, King has sold his first novel, Carrie, the story of an outcast teen who gets revenge on her peers. He has many popular novels such as, Salen s lot (1975), the shining (1977), fire starterRead More Lord of the Flies1827 Words   |  8 Pageswhich desire to follow through with. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies and John Polson’s Hide and Seek are two prime examples that demonstrate the conflict between civilised behaviour and savagery through their characters’ cultured manners, savage impulses and struggles as they decide who they really are as people. The instinct to follow rules and act in a civilised manner is highlighted throughout the first four chapters of Lord of the Flies, but is especially perceptible in the boys’ behaviourRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies2490 Words   |  10 Pagescompared to dystopia. Three of the books with these examples included: Fahrenheit 451, The Maze Runner and The Lord of the Flies and two movies: book of Eli and The Giver all have clear examples of these stories point out the problems of our societies have today or when they were written. They reflect society s issues by creating fictional stories. For example, the book The Lord of the Flies, the author uses these kids to show that there are two types of government, a government that talks and discussesRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1819 Words   |  8 Pagesbiggest impact. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, Golding’s inclusion of minute details helps to strongly communicate his theme of man’s innate darkness. On the other hand, Peter Brook’s film, Lord of the Flies, lacks some of the details required to convey Golding’s message properly. Because the novel includes the necessary details to convey the idea of mankind’s inner darkness and violence, the novel conveys Golding’s theme more effectively than Peter Brook’s film. The details that help supportRead MoreMedia Representation Of Art Crime3638 Words   |  15 PagesThe aim of this paper is to examine the various aspects of the crime genre in film and television and to illustrate that the artificial image of the ‘Hollywood art thief’ detracts from the understanding of and attitude towards the serious threat that art theft and illegal trafficking pose to the global community. This analysis has been done using research on art cases, crime theory and through the exploration of film and television having to do with crimes involving art. Hollywood scripts and televisionRead MoreMakoys Term Paper2262 Words   |  10 PagesONE LAIYA BEACH RESORT Bgy Laiya, San Juan, Batangas, Philipines A Research Case Study by: Mark Louis V. Birot BSBA Major in Management - ETEAAP A C K N O W L E G E M E N T First of all, I would like to thank our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ for the providence and strength He has given me in completing this project. Second, I would like to dedicate this to my father, Pastor Joselito R . Birot for being my inspiration in completing this decade-long fulfillmentRead MoreLogos, Ethos, And Pathos Essay1854 Words   |  8 Pageswriter for the New York Times and Atlantic Monthly. Both authors have written arguments concerning how the use of advertisments send subliminal messages to consumers and touch on the topics of self-objectification and self-construction. After careful analysis, Caroline Helman s, â€Å"Out Of Body Image† makes a better argument than Alissa Quart s, â€Å"X-Large Boys† because the use of the ingredients for persuasion are more defined in her writing. Both authors have exceptional opening arguments

Pride and Prejudice Essay The Faults of Pride and Prejudice

The Faults of Pride and Prejudice If we investigate the themes, characters and setting of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice in an effort to find faults of logic, we must first recognize that the entire work is a fault of logic because Austens world is a microcosm of one level of society, a level wherein everything and everyone turns out kindly, whether they be heroes or villains, rich or poor, or proud or prejudice. This is because unlike conventional romantic novels, like Wuthering Heights, there is no deeply passionate love displayed in this novel, no horrific consequences of being left without an annual inheritance, and even the alleged villains of the piece, like Wickham, are sprinkled with enough of the milk of human†¦show more content†¦Further, Austen portrays love and marriage as something more akin to friendship and a mutually-shaped pact between two individuals who, though they may have misgivings towards one another, still find one another tolerable. However, there is no love based on the fiery r omantic passion we see motivating characters throughout the realm of romantic literature. Austen is illogical in the sense that she sees the love trials and tribulations of her characters as being the stuff of comedic irony more than she does passionate feeling and emotion. The fact that all of the sisters find husbands, despite being poor and inappropriately behaved in social settings within their class, is illogical. However, what is more illogical is the methodical, rational, mature, evolutionary-like way in which the characters who marry come to be united. It is almost as if Austen is saying there is a slow, linear process of connections that occurs between those who choose to marry one another, one in which each comes to a higher sense of understanding of each other as well as self-understanding. While this may happen among some married couples, it is rareShow MoreRelated Essay on the Deeper Meaning of Pride and Prejudice1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe Deeper Meaning of Pri de and Prejudice       While Pride And Prejudice is demonstrably concerned with the subject of love, from Lydias physical passion for Wickham, through Janes slightly too patient and undemanding feelings for Bingley, to Elizabeths final perfect match with Darcy, it would be doing the novel and its author a great injustice to assume that it is merely a love story, and has no other purpose or design. The scope of the novel is indeed much wider than a serious interestRead MoreThe Man Sphere Versus The Woman s Sphere1103 Words   |  5 PagesExtended Essay The man’s sphere versus the woman’s sphere in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Abstract Introduction Jane Austen’s novels are known for not only being enthralling but also as characteristic of British society in the nineteenth century. Her novels present a compelling view on the historical, psychological, and sociological issues woven into the plots that are full of irony, farce, and versatile characters. One of Jane Austen’s most appreciated novels Pride and Prejudice illustratesRead More A Character Analysis of Elizabeth Bennet Essay examples1591 Words   |  7 PagesA Character Analysis of Elizabeth Bennet Throughout Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice , there are many references to the unusual character of Elizabeth Bennet ; she is seen to be an atypical female during those times. Wit , bravery , independence , and feminist views all describe a most extraordinary model for women. Pride and Prejudice is a humorous novel about the trials of marrying well in the early eighteenth century. ItRead MoreAll Of The Good And Bad Relationships That Came From The Book, Pride And Prejudice861 Words   |  4 PagesHowever, back to when Pride and Prejudice took place (between 1796 and 1813), things were a little different. A girl back then would usually meet a man through their parents and would eventually marry that man. In this essay one will learn about all of the good and bad relationships that came from the book, Pride and Prejudice. In the book the Bennets are considered and unhealthy couple. Reason is because Mr. Bennet shows no respect of love for his wife. There are many faults to this marriage, butRead More Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre: Love and Characterization2663 Words   |  11 Pagesfocus on the love between characters, and each character loves differently. In Jane Eyre, Mr. Rochester and Jane have an impassioned affair, this affair is cut short by Jane’s realization that Mr.Rochester already has ties to another woman. In Pride and Prejudice, it is clear that Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy love each other very deeply, as Mr. Darcy is able to overcome his doubts about Elizabeth’s family, and his own timidity, and marry his true love. Though their romance is more reservedRead MoreLove and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice2117 Words   |  9 PagesLove and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Analyse Jane Austens presentation of love and marriage in her novel Pride Prejudice. From your evidence suggest what Austen regards as a good marriage. On first impressions of the novel, my own prejudices clouded my judgement of the book and of what it might have consisted. Living in the 21st Century it is somewhat difficult to imagine anything remotely similar, interesting or slightly scandalous happeningRead More Characterization and Irony in Pride and Prejudice Essay2991 Words   |  12 PagesCharacterization and Irony in Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚   Like all true literary classics, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is still capable of engaging us, both emotionally and intellectually (Twayne back flap) through its characters and themes. This essay illustrates how Jane Austen uses the characterization of the major characters and irony to portray the theme of societal frailties and vices because of a flawed humanity. Austen writes about the appearance vs. the reality of the charactersRead MoreThe Lack of Social Mobility in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice2139 Words   |  9 PagesPride and Prejudice, a novel written by Jane Austen during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century is often thought of as simply a love story and although on the surface this is true, it is in fact much more than that. Austen focuses greatly on the class system and lack of social mobility allowed in England during this period (the Napoleonic Wars, 1797-1815) and the pride and prejudice that these social divides reveal, as well as the personal pride and prejudice shown by individual charactersRead MoreLizzy or Emma - A Critique of Jane Austens Heroines Essay2237 Words   |  9 Pagesheroines who have displayed strength of mind and character. Pride and Prejudice was the first novel completed by Austen with the original name First Impressions. However this was sent back by the publisher who did not even look at the draft. Sense and Sensibility became her first published novel in 1811 (originally drafted as Elinor and Marianne). Year of 1813 saw the publication of Austen’s most popular novel Pride and Prejudice, whose title page read â€Å"written by a lady†. Two years later AustenRead MoreAre We Free to Make Our Own Choices in Life?2263 Words   |  10 Pages1st essay Are we free to make our own choices in life? Although it sounds appealing to make ones own decision freely, it is actually an impractable goal as the society has exerted significant influence and restrictions on individuals and has shaped ones value of what they should do and what they should not do. In todays society, people are more free to make our own choices than we were before, but it is true that we canno indulge our interests at the cost of transgressing the basic rules of

Swot Analysis Auto Parts Store Essay Example For Students

Swot Analysis Auto Parts Store Essay Southeast Racing Parts (SIR) is a proposed specialty auto parts retailer focusing on the amateur car racing Set. SIR is an imaginative business venture With a positive prospect for growth and expansion. The business plan demonstrates a majority Of strengths and opportunities With only a minimum Of discernible weaknesses and threats. Most of the potential negatives in this business plan are small, manageable, and can be overcome. After careful analysis, it appears that SIR is a good business risk with the potential for significant success. One of the most important opportunities for SIR is its proximity to its customers-? both physically and idealistically. The husband and wife team who will manage and operate the business are racing enthusiasts with many collective years of racing experience and connections. They understand and relate to the mentality and desires of their customers. Also, the location of their retail location is very appropriate, North Carolina is a hotbed of amateur racing enthusiasts-?the sport has increased tremendously in the United States in the past decade, with significant growth in the Southeast. We will write a custom essay on Swot Analysis Auto Parts Store specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The fact that their store will be located directly across the street from a new go-kart/entertainment complex means that they will have immediate access to a large potential customer base. People will choose to shop at SIR based on convenience. One potential weakness: however, is based on the fact that they will be relying too much on one single retail location. The owners say they want to keep their business small in order to offer the highest quality customer service. It is certainly possible to operate a larger business and still be committed to the absolute best in customer service. By limiting the size of their business right from the start, they will be reducing the opportunities for successful growth. SIR states via their proposed business plan on the Palo Alto Software website (2010) that their mission is to become the premier destination for entry level and novice racing parts: however, they will certainly not reach that goal if they continue to concentrate the majority Of their efforts on one retail location. Although they state that it will be a supplement to their retail business, the owners of SIR are also going to be engaging in mail order sales. This is an opportunity to reach a much larger market, and should be a greater object of focus. While it is true that the sport of amateur auto racing is growing tremendously, it is still a small niche market. It is certainly a strength that SIR will have a nice color catalog and a portion of its profits will be augmented by mail order sales, but this area offers the company a much larger chance to tap into their core audience on a national level without much additional risk. The business plan addresses the fact that the main competition is likely to come trot Internet-based companies tottering a lower price and convenience. If SIR is going to be doing all their mail order business solely via catalog telephone, and fax they simply will not be able to compete with an on- line operation offering lower prices and more selection. SIR states that this area is a logical next step for future expansion-?to be truly competitive and not be out-dated and outmoded from the inception SIR should include web-based sales in its business plan. Another reason SIR should consider Internet over traditional mail order sales from the Start is that fact that a large part Of their plan for future growth includes establishing and expanding a line of own-brand researched. This is a significant strength and an opportunity in their business plan because house brands have very high profit margins. Plus, strengthening the brand strengthens the business. Establishing a brand is a complicated task; however, and must be done correctly. Corps own business plan reiterates that fact that racers are a picky bunch-?always looking for the highest quality items. .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda , .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda .postImageUrl , .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda , .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda:hover , .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda:visited , .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda:active { border:0!important; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda:active , .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u232f1e606094b7c6c7819568a60f8bda:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of Fiction Elements in Wuthering Heights EssayIn order to prove to those save consumers that the house brand is on a par with name brand equipment, SIR will need to engage in significant brand- building activities. The Internet provides an excellent opportunity to create brand wariness and should not be overlooked as a key selling tool for the own-brand parts as well as their other products, Although there are respectable margins in many of the types to products that SIR is looking to sell, the initial investment is likely to be high. Quality race parts are expensive, and due to the fact that there are numerous applications for parts and accessories, SIR will be required to create a substantial inventory from the beginning. A large variety of makes, models, years, and custom jobs means many different parts to serve the same purpose parts also quickly become obsolete, 50 there will need to be a plan in lace to get rid of unsuitable merchandise by returning it to the distributor or manufacturer, or selling to another vendor. Either way, a better plan must be in place for purchasing and managing inventory to mitigate this potentially costly threat that was not addressed in the business plan. SIR did address the fact that they have established solid relationships with numerous vendors vivo are willing to Offer incentives and deals to get the new business Off the ground. Of course doing this will be advantageous to the manufacturers and distributors in the long UN, because if SIR does well, they Will grow and order more from the vendors. Large vendors are not always willing to extend this kind of long-term investment to small start-up companies, so this is a definite strength that should be taken advantage of. The vendors are likely to have seen the potential in Corps growth because they have seen the growth in the marketplace in general and realize that SIR is in a position to take advantage off market trending in their favor. The business plan did an excellent job of identifying the target market and the trends that are moving in their favor. While there are not very many professional racers, there are certainty large numbers to people who wish they could be. SIR identified two key segments of the population that will make up the core of their customer base: serious young cart racers who have chosen the sport over more traditional sports activities, and Baby Boomers who now have the time and resources available to indulge in a long-held dream of racing. It is rare for a business to have two very well delineated target markets that are relatively easy to target. This information will help them in their marketing efforts. In terms of marketing and other necessary budgets, the owners of SIR are willing to wait to receive any profits from the business until the long-term debt has been satisfied. They plan reinvest whatever profits they see early on to finance the growth of the company. The owners have provided very detailed income statements and have outlined a very realistic model for small profits in years one and two, with the profit almost doubling by the third year. Based on their annual estimates, this is a reasonable growth calculation. Carps business plan is thorough and well Hough-out. If they address the few threats and weaknesses pointed out in this analysis, the business should hue a good chance for success. If they are able to acquire the additional funding they will need to pay for startup costs and initial inventory purchases, SIR has an opportunity to realize an acceptable profit.

Lithuania Eu Cultural Policy Area Essay Example

Lithuania Eu Cultural Policy Area Essay Lithuanian Cultural Policy and the European Union The cultural policy has been adopted by the European Union during the 1990s with the aim of creating a European identity which would bring the people of Europe closer and which would lead them to identify themselves as â€Å"Europeans†. On the other hand, the cultural policy adopted by the Union remained supplementary in its character as the member states did not want to lose their sovereignties, especially on such an issue that underlines the national identities, (Sassatelli, 436) As a result, the European cultural policy became one that respects and tries to protect the national cultures of the member states on the one hand, while it tries to create a European culture and identity on the other. In other words, the main aim of the European cultural policy is to create unity in diversity. Sassatelli, 30) Although it is supplementary in character and although the Union is not the decision maker in the cultural matters, the member states are expected to follow the cultural policy of the Union which suggests them to protect their national heritage, cooperate with other member states in cultural matters, to promote an inclusive national culture, to adopt a democratic, open and competitive national cultural policy. Lithu ania, which became a member of the European Union in 2004, had a different cultural policy understanding than the Union and its member states as it was a Communist country. We will write a custom essay sample on Lithuania Eu Cultural Policy Area specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lithuania Eu Cultural Policy Area specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lithuania Eu Cultural Policy Area specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With the end of Communism and with the aim of becoming a member of the European Union, Lithuania has changed its cultural policy and shaped the new policy according to the idea of cultural policy adopted by the Union; a competitive, inclusionary, and based on cooperation. European Union Cultural Policy The first steps towards the establishment of a cultural policy in the European Union were taken during the late 1970s, when the European Union was European Community. In the 1973 with the wave of enlargement and with the economic crisis the Community faced, the member states signed a Declaration of the European Identity. With the Declaration they stated that the member states of the Community share common attitudes and their aim is to build a society which gives priority to the individuals. (Bozoki, 2) The low turn out in the first direct elections for the European parliament made the Community to realize that there was a need to take measures for unification of peoples of Europe as it became obvious that economic integration alone would not lead to such thing. In 1984, the European Council set up a Committee for a People’s Europe. The main aim of the Committee was to take necessary measures to strengthen the European identity. The Committee produced two reports in both of which it was suggested to increase cooperation between the member states in the area of culture, information, and communication. The reports also argued for the development of cultural projects in the form of cultural exchanges, town twining schemes, and youth programs (Bozoki 3). However, the reports were away from proposing a common cultural policy. Another attempt to create a European cultural policy came in the mid 1980s when the Community was preparing itself to the Single European Act, which created the internal market. In 1985, the Delors Commission started to implement the proposals of the Committee for a People’s Europe. During the time the blue flag with twelve stars were adopted as the official flag of the Community. European passports, driving licenses were introduced together with the European postage stamps. (Bozoki, 3) The European Cultural Area was created with the aim of promoting educational exchanges, translation of literary works, and town twining schemes. Another program that was adopted during the time was the Cultural Capitals of Europe. The European Union has legalized its cultural policy with the Treaty of Maastricht, the treaty establishing the European Union, for the first time in 1991. The 151. Article of the treaty states â€Å"The Community shall contribute to the flowering of the cultures of the Member States, while respecting their national and regional diversity and at the same time bringing the common cultural heritage to the fore†. Bozoki, 4) The article on the Cultural Policy further suggests that â€Å"Cultural policy is governed by the principle of subsidiarity, with Community action is to be taken only if the objective cannot be achieved sufficiently by member states alone. Thus EU-level cultural policy is limited to encouraging cooperation between member states, and, if necessary supporting and supplementing their action†. (Bozoki, 4) According to the article the Union should take into consideration cu ltural compatibility when it implements cultural policies. The European Cultural Policy had three aims. The first one of these was to improve the knowledge of the culture and history of the Europe and its people. The second aim was to conserve the European cultural heritage and the last aim was to support the cultural exchange and artistic creation. In order to achieve these aims three cultural programs have been implemented by the Union between 1996 and 1999. The first one of these programs was â€Å"Kaleidoscope†. The aim of the program was to encourage artistic creation and promote cultural awareness among the peoples of Europe in the areas of creative arts, performing arts, and applied arts by means of exchange and cultural cooperation. Kouveliotis, 5) The second program was â€Å"Ariane†. It aimed to promote knowledge of European literary works through the means of translation. The objective of the program was to create awareness in the member states regarding the current literary art together with the current drama. (Kouveliotis, 6) The third program that implemente d in the 1997- 2000 period was â€Å"Raphael†. The aim of the program was to encourage cooperation among the member countries of the Union in the area of cultural heritage. Kouveliotis, 8) The program aimed to bring the common cultural to the fore while respecting the national diversities. The European Capital of Culture was another program that adopted by the European Union. The main objective of the program was to highlight the diversity and richness of European cultures and to promote greater mutual acquaintance between European citizens. (Kouveliotis, 10) Under the program starting from 2005, each year a city would be chosen as the European capital of culture. The objectives of the program were to highlight the artistic movements and styles shared by Europeans, to promote events involving people active in culture from other cities in the member states of the Union, to ensure mobilization and participation of large sections of population, to encourage reception of citizens of the European Union and to reach as wide an audience as possible by employing multimedia and multilingual approach, to promote dialogue between European cultures and other cultures in the world, to exploit the historic heritage, urban architecture, and quality of the city. Kouveliotis, 10) In the year 2000, the Union adopted Culture 2000 program under which all the three programs were merged. The Culture 2000 program aims to promote creativity and disseminate culture through support Europe wide cooperation between cultural organizations, institutions within and outside of the Union (Kouveliotis, 12). Under the program three types of activities were defined to be support ed. These are innovative activities, experimental actions of multiannual cultural cooperation, and cultural events with European dimension. Kouveliotis, 12) In 2007, Culture 2007 program was implemented by the Union for the period of 2007- 2013. (Dewey, 99) The main aim of the program is to focus on the mobility of artists and art works in order to enhance cultural cooperation in the Union. Lithuanian Cultural Policy Lithuania is one of the countries that faced transition from Communism to liberal democracy. Like all other policies the cultural policy of the country was also affected by that change in the regime. During the Soviet period the cultural policy of the country were under the control of the Communist Party (Council of Europel/ERICarts 2). In other words, the cultural policy of the country was under an ideological influence and control. The Soviet cultural policy and its administration were under the lines of strict command of the party. The cultural events and institutions were used by the party to legitimize Communism. The privileges were offered to the artists. In this way the artists were attracted to the ruling circles and they were prevented to produce artifacts criticizing the regime (Council of Europel/ERICarts 2). As a result of such policy implementation, democratic forms of cultural self government cannot be established in Lithuania. Lithuania was one of the post-Soviet era East European countries that applied European Union for full membership. Like all other candidate countries, Lithuania had to take the necessary steps in order to fulfill the criteria defined by the Union in order to become a member of the Union. The Maastrich criteria, which Lithuania was expected to fulfill, consist of three criterions. The first one of these is the political according to which every candidate country should adopt rule of law, respect minority rights, and stable democratic institutions. Varbanova, 54) The second criterion is the economic one. Under this criterion a candidate country should adopt a well functioning market economy and should be able to compete in the European market. (Varbanova, 54) The third criterion is the adoption of â€Å"acquis communautaire† and the last criterion is to have the capacity to fulfill the membership obligations. As far as the cultural policy during the accession process is concerned , the candidate countries are required to complete a questionnaire on the economic and public sectors which includes ulture and audio visual policy. (Varbanova, 54) The questionnaire includes legislation for protecting cultural heritage, legislation in the field of broadcasting, the national system for the support of artistic activities, professional training, and arts education. (Varbanova, 54) In this respect, Lithuania benefited from the European financial support schemes provided to candidate countries under the Culture Program, Structural Funds, and European initiatives to advance cultural cooperation. With the end of the Communist regime in 1989, a new era in the Lithuanian politics has started. The country turned its face to Europe and started to implement the necessary measures to be a liberal democracy. This process also affected the Lithuanian cultural policy. In the year of 1991, the Lithuanian government has adopted a new program called â€Å"Market†, Democracy Freedom which set a new direction of the Lithuanian cultural policy as the program included a specific objective which was the development of a â€Å"Lithuanian Cultural Model†. Dufton, 15) This new cultural model aimed to bring freedom of expression, democratic process and an arms length approach, according to which the policy making and policy implementation in the area of culture would be separated from each other. In other words, the new program brought decentralization to the Lithuanian cultural policy. On the other hand, throughout the 1990s the decisions taken regarding the cultural policy in Lith uania cannot be taken appropriately due to the some problems faced by the country. The first problem the country faced regarding the cultural policy was the lack of money as a result of which the projects could not be implemented. The second problem was the lack of local government tradition. The third problem was the exclusion of some sectors of the population from cultural activities and the fourth problem was the contradictions in the legislation. (Dufton, 18) The cultural activities which were financed by the central and local government generally were spent on the existing cultural institutions such as theaters, cinemas, libraries etc. As the number of the audiences and the performances decreased the burden of financing the cultural activities started to rest with the government. (Dufton, 19) The decision making process regarding the cultural policy was at the hands of the high executives. As a result, most of the important channels were cut off from the process, leading to disintegration in cultural services. (Dufton, 19) As the problems in the above mentioned areas continued to exist, Lithuania passed a law, Law on the Amendment of the Law on Local Self-Government, for the decentralization of the cultural policy making and implementation. The law provided the local governments the legal and administrative capacities to implement cultural policy according to the needs of their communities. Another development in the decentralization of cultural policy came in 2002, when the Lithuanian government adopted the Cultural Development Program of the Regions, with the aim to form the administrative, financial, legal and information basis for the development of regional culture (Council of Europel/ERICarts 10). In 2002, Lithuania adopted a document called â€Å"State’s Long Term Development Strategy† defining the aims of the Lithuanian cultural policy as â€Å"to preserve and promote common European cultural values and national identity, to warrant its prolongation, openness and competitiveness in contemporary Lithuanian, European and the World cultural context†. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 11) Furthermore, the new cultural policy aimed to guarantee participation in culture life of the Lithuanian society and consumption of culture. The cultural identity of the Lithuanian culture was defined as the use of national language, state protection of the ethnic culture, national heritage, and support national minorities living in Lithuania. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 12) Moreover, the cultural policy aimed to improve the administrative system on national heritage protection, expand the democracy in cultural life, to set the basic principles for state’s support to art and artists, to stimulate regional cultural development and cooperation of tourism and cultural institutions, and to develop the information society and access to culture. Council of Europel/ERICarts, 12) In this respect it can rightly be argued that the cultural policy adopted by Lithuania was in line with the cultural policy objectives of the Union. It aimed to promote European values as a part of the Lithuanian culture, to promote cooperation with other states regarding the cultural programs, to increase the participation of the Lithuanian soc iety in cultural programs and to promote the Lithuanian culture in such a way that all the different elements of the Lithuanian society would be reflected. Current Issues in Lithuanian Cultural Policy National minorities and their place in the Lithuanian cultural policy are some of the current issues in the Lithuanian cultural policy. Lithuania has been one of the first Central and Eastern European counties which passed the Law on National Minorities. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 13) Under this law the national minorities have the right to receive state support for fostering of their national culture. They have access to information and press in their native language and to establish cultural and educational organizations. Furthermore, the national minorities are given the right to organize cultural events in their native languages. Moreover, the minorities have the right to publish books and newspapers in their own languages. In addition to this, according of the Law of Education the educational institution should provide information on ethnic cultures into their curricula. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 13) In 2004 the Lithuanian government passed the Program of Integration of National Minorities into Society for the years 2005-2010 with the objectives of integrating national minorities into Lithuanian cultural life, preservation of ethnic identities of minorities, and development of coherent relationships with the minorities. Council of Europel/ERICarts, 14). The state and the municipalities provide financial support for the cultural organizations and events of the national minorities. As it is mentioned above another main objective of the Lithuanian Cultural Policy is to promote openness of the Lithuanian national culture through promoting Lithuanian culture abroad and to familiarize the local population with the culture of other nations. The regions where the national minorities lived as majorities have adopted special cultural programs and education programs. Council of Europel/ERICarts, 14) In addition to integrate the national minorities into the culture of Lithuania, these programs also aim to bring regional economic development to these areas. As it is mentioned above, one of the aims of the Lithuanian cultural policy is to bring equal access to the culture to everyone in the culture life of the country. The programs adopted by the government such as The Regional Culture Development Program and the Support to Young Artists Program brought measures to increase the participation to regional cultural events and to integrate the young artists into the cultural market. Council of Europel/ERICarts, 14) Although the state remained as the main supported of the above mentioned cultural programs, the private sector started to emerge as an important supporter and initiator of cultural events in Lithuania. Private sector in cooperation with NGOs implemented many social cohesion acts such as the Open Air Museum of the Centre of Europe, which also was included into the Culture 2000 Project of the Union. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 14) Artistic Parks in Nature: the Bridge for Teaching Contemporary Art in Schools was a project developed by the private sector and NGOs. It involved young people and professional artists from different countries. The project, Uzupio Respublika has been one of the important projects developed under the Lithuanian cultural policy. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 14). It was started by a group of young artists in 1990s. It became an important place for the cultural organizations such as festivals. Publications of books and film productions also have taken their places in the Lithuanian Cultural Policy. Translation of foreign books into Lithuanian language has become one of the priorities according to the cultural policy of the country. As far as the film production is concerned, the state plays an important role in the financial support. After the accession to the European Union the film producers started to cooperate with companies from other countries. The cultural heritage and its protection is one of the important areas under the Lithuanian cultural policy. In 1994 with a law passed by the government, the Law on the Basic National Security of Lithuania, cultural heritage became a national security object. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 17- 18) During the last years the government has taken several steps in the area. Training programs for the protection of national heritage were implemented with the fund provided by World Heritage Fund. The protection of the heritage was also decentralized as the local authorities were given more funds for the protection of heritage. However, the insufficient funding remains as an important problem in the protection of heritage. Conclusion Lithuania has adapted its cultural policy according to the cultural policy aims of the European Union. The country has taken the necessary measures to protect its national culture, including the culture of the national minorities. It has developed and implemented programs in order to familiarize its society with the different cultural elements that existed within Lithuania. The country also developed cultural programs to promote the Lithuanian culture abroad and cooperated with other countries in this regard. Moreover, the country has also promoted the idea of protection of national heritage and has taken the necessary steps, despite some financial problems the policy regarding heritage works well. In 2009 Lithuania involved in the European Capital of Culture Project with Vilnius. In this regard, it can rightly be stated that the Lithuanian cultural policy has affected by the ideas promoted by the European cultural policy in the sense that Lithuania promoted a democratic national cultural policy, embracing the European identity and promoting the Lithuanian one. As far as the other side of the coin, the European cultural policy is concerned, it can be suggested that the Union’s cultural policy is not affected by the Lithuanian cultural policy. But as it is the case with other member states, Lithuanian cultural policy contributes to the development of the European culture and identity. With the adopted projects Lithuanian culture is known in other member states of the European Union and the European identity gains another component; Lithuanian. In other words, the programs promoted by the Union which are adopted and implemented by Lithuania enrich the European culture and identity. Bibliography Bozoki, Andras. Cultural Policy and Politics at European Union. Retrieved 01. 05. 2009, from â€Å"137. 204. 115. 130/activities/download/Bozoki/Cultural%20Policy%20and%20Politics%20in%20the%20Eu † Council of Europe/ERICarts: Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe. 10th edition 2008. ttp://www. culturalpolicies. net/web/index. php Dewey, Patricia (Summer 2008) â€Å"Transnational Cultural Policymaking in the European Union. † The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society. vol 38. 2 (Summer 2008): 99- 118. EBSCO. Suna Kirac Lib. Koc U. http://0web. ebscohost. com. libunix. ku. edu. tr. Dufton, Bill. (1998) â€Å"Cultural Policy in Lithuanina. † Council of Europe. Cultural Development Policies in Member States. Retrieved 02. 05. 2009, http://www. coe. int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/Source/Policies/Reviews/CC-CULT(97)24B_EN. pdf Kouveliotis, Kyriakos. â€Å"The Impact of EU’s Cultural

Nuclear essays

Nuclear essays Even from the beginning of civilization, mankind has taken nature and the environment totally for granted. Nature was something that was feared, and considered to be God's gift to mankind, and that man can use it as his disposal. Since the earliest civilizations, mankind has chopped down trees, hunted animals, and fished to survive. However, this was necessary for survival, as any animal would need to do. This was in the very beginning, and the world population was low. However, as mankind's population increased, we put more and more of a strain on the earth's environment. Especially during the past several hundred years, mankind has totally ignored the safety and stability of the earth. During the industrial revolution, the mass manufacturing of products became more and more efficient as the demand became more nad more efficient; however, in order to do this, many factories had to be made. People dumped toxins into rivers. They chopped down and cleared massive stretches of forests. These factories not only manufactured goods but pumped out pollutants at alarming rates. Those that continued to ruin and decimate the health of the environment were totally blind to their actions, and had even less knowledge of the consequences of them. Despite this, in recent years people have become aware that the environment is in danger, and are taking action to remedy what was done in the past and to prevent further harm to the environment. As a result, many peope are finally beginning to realize that mankind cannot dominate and control nature, but must cooperate with it in order to survive. Even in recent years, there are many concerns that threaten our world. The explosion of population growth around the world has introduced many new problems, many of them currently without solutions. The containment of both water and soil has become a major concern. Sewage and other dangerous toxins have polluted our lakes, rivers and oceans; many of these ...